•Selective pressure-induced negative changes on fish populations can be mitigated with lower selectivity, favouring functionality and population recovery.
•The strong selectivity on individuals of a heavily exploited population can adversely affect the reproductive capacity of the population, the recruitment, the population structure stability, among other key characteristics.
•Within an exploited population the genetically-determined individuals to mature at larger size (and reproduce when they are older), are natural candidates to gradually disappear with the current fishery approach, and within the framework of the classical measures of protection (e.g. the criterion of minimum length of catch).
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